Phytochemical Analysis of a Siddha Herbo-Mineral Formulation, Chukku Nei

Abstract

The Siddha system of medicine has its root in Tamil culture and encompasses a vast range of drugs. One of its unique features is the inclusion of various types of formulations such as single herbal, polyherbal, herbo-mineral, mineral and from animal origin drugs. Among the 32 varieties of internal medicines mention described in siddha literature, ghee-based preparation constitutes one category. Chukku nei, a traditional ghee-based Siddha formulation mentioned in Agathiar Vaithiya Kaaviyam 1500 has a wide range of therapeutic indications. This study aims to evaluate the phytochemical constituents of Chukku nei and to correlate them with its therapeutic indications described in classical siddha literature. Chukku nei was prepared according to classical siddha texts, and preliminary phytochemical analysis was carried out to identify major bioactive compounds. Analytical evaluation revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids and triterpenoids. These compounds are known for their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, analgesic, antispasmodic, anti-diarrheal, hematinic support and diuretic activities. The presence of these phytochemical constituents substantiates the indications mentioned for the formulation. The identified phytoconstituents also suggest potential synergistic interactions that may enhance pharmacological activity. Furthermore, the lipid-based medium (ghee) is likely to improve the bioavailability of bioactive compounds, thereby contributing to the overall efficacy of the formulation. The findings of this phytochemical analysis provide a scientific rationale for the traditional use of Chukku nei. However further pharmacological and clinical studies are required to support its therapeutic efficacy and safety.