Exploring Ayurvedic Ergogenic Strategies in Ritual Performance: An Ethnographic Study of Theyyam Practitioners

Abstract

Ayurveda offers an integrative framework emphasizing diet (lifestyle, and therapeutics to promote strength, endurance, and vitality. The ritual performance tradition of Theyyam in North Kerala presents a unique model of extreme physical exertion sustained through culturally embedded health practices. This study aimed to explore Ayurvedic ergogenic strategies in Theyyam through an ethnographic approach. A qualitative mixed-methods design was adopted, incorporating Focus Group Discussions (n=7) and In-Depth Interviews (n=15) with performers, family members, and cultural experts from Kannur and Kasaragod districts. Data were analyzed thematically to understand traditional practices and their relevance to performance enhancement. Findings revealed a coherent system of phase-specific ergogenic practices. Dietary regulation, particularly the use of Thinakkanji and strengthening formulations like Ajamamsa Rasayana, supported energy balance, digestion, and recovery. External therapies such as Abhyanga contributed to musculoskeletal efficiency, fatigue reduction, and psychological readiness. Lifestyle discipline aligned with Dinacharya and Ritucharya was perceived to sustain endurance and prevent illness, though its adherence is declining. Limited but beneficial use of yoga and breath regulation indicated potential for enhancing psychophysiological resilience. Ayurvedic medicinal interventions functioned as supportive aids for recovery, stamina, and disease resistance. Overall, these findings highlight Ayurveda-based practices as safe, culturally rooted, and functionally adaptive ergogenic strategies. Integrating such traditional knowledge with contemporary performance science may offer sustainable alternatives for enhancing endurance, recovery, and holistic well-being.