Conceptual and Applied Perspective of Swasanjna Tantra Yukti in Sushruta Samhita

Abstract

Ayurvedic Samhitas use a unique methodological framework for the systematic presentation and interpretation of text known as Tantra Yukti. In this Yukti, an author allocates a specific meaning to a term exclusively for the purpose of explaining a particular concept. Unlike conventional vocabulary, Swasanjna terms are context-bound, technically specific, unique to Ayurvedic text, such terminology removes obscurity and ensures uniform comprehension among scholars and practitioners. Specific term of the scripture not known to other scriptures are termed as Swasanjna.  Swasanjna is the name which is made by Tantrakaras for the purpose of application like- Vayu, Dosha, Dhatu, Artava, Jentak, Holak. Sushruta Samhita, extensively utilizes Swasanjna to elucidate complex anatomical, pathological, therapeutic and surgical concepts. Detailed descriptions of anatomical structures, surgical techniques, instruments reveal a conscious attempt to ensure unambiguous understanding. Through Dalhana’s commentary, this process of elaboration becomes even more evident, reinforcing the value of Swasanjna for practical domains. Anatomical structures like Kostha, Ashaya, Srotasa, Marma, kala, Artava, Kloma, Kaleyaka, etc are defined as per textual and practical need. This article critically evaluates the concept, characteristics and applications of Swasanjna Tantra Yukti in Sushruta Samhita and focused its interpretative, pedagogical, and clinical significance. Through textual analysis, the study underscores how Swasanjna serves as a device for precise communication, preservation of indigenous knowledge and systematic understanding of classical Ayurvedic literature.