Evaluation of Vellulli Parpam by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy

Abstract

Vellulli Parpam (VP) is a traditional Siddha herbo-mineral medicine commonly prescribed for the treatment of Gunmam and related digestive disorders. Siddha formulations are prepared through specific purification, trituration, and calcination procedures to enhance their medicinal value and safety. The present study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical properties of Vellulli Parpam using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). FTIR analysis identified various functional groups present in the formulation, including hydroxyl, aliphatic C–H, aromatic, C–O, and metal–oxygen groups. These spectral findings indicate the presence of both herbal and mineral constituents within the drug. SEM analysis was performed to evaluate the morphology and particle size of the formulation. The SEM micrographs revealed uneven and clustered particles with sizes ranging from 4.977µm to 7.508µm, confirming a polydisperse particle distribution. The micron-sized particles produced during traditional Siddha processing may improve the surface area and facilitate better absorption of the formulation. The combined analytical findings demonstrate the physicochemical stability and quality of Vellulli Parpam and provide scientific evidence supporting the traditional preparation methods followed in Siddha medicine.