A Conceptual Review of Premenstrual Syndrome in the Light of Ayurveda

Abstract

Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) is a common psychosomatic condition affecting women of reproductive age, characterized by cyclical physical and psychological symptoms during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and subsides when menstruation starts. It is not directly described in classical Ayurvedic texts, but its features can be explained through Ayurveda. Objective: To conceptually correlate Premenstrual Syndrome with Ayurvedic principles and to explore relevant management approaches. Methods: Classical Ayurvedic texts, including Charaka Samhita, Susruta Samhita, and Astanga Hridaya, were reviewed for concepts related to menstrual physiology, Normal and abnormal functions of Dosha. Electronic databases (PubMed, AYUSH Research Portal etc.) and Ayurveda journals were searched using key terms related to PMS, Ritu chakra and Tridosha. Articles were reviewed for relevant concepts, and selected literatures were analayzed. Results: Premenstrual Syndrome is not described as a distinct disease entity in classical Ayurvedic texts; however, its symptomatology can be conceptually correlated with Rituvyateetakala vyadhi. Classical literature identifies lifestyle factors (Mithya ahara–vihara), psychological factors (Prajnaparadha), and improper sensory engagement (Asatmendriyartha samyoga) as contributors to Tridosha kopa, Agni vaigunya, and Manovaha srotodushti, which are relevant to PMS manifestations. Contemporary literature reports PMS to be associated with hormonal fluctuations involving estrogen and progesterone and alterations in neurotransmitters such as serotonin and GABA. Discussion and Conclusion: PMS can be understood as a Rituvyateetakala-janya, Vata-pradhana Tridoshaja Vyadhi. Ayurvedic management emphasizing Nidana parivarjana, lifestyle regulation, Vata–Pitta shamana, and Satvavajaya chikitsa offers a holistic approach.