Lauric Acid in Dietary Oils and Milks: A Comprehensive Review of Availability, Health Benefits, and Skincare Applications with Emphasis on Coconut Oil

Abstract

This review provides a detailed analysis of the distribution of lauric acid in various dietary oils and milks, highlighting coconut oil as the richest natural source, containing approximately 45-50% lauric acid, compared to other sources such as palm kernel oil (~40-50%), dairy products (~2-6%), and human breast milk (~5-9%). The article explores the multifaceted health benefits of lauric acid, including its role in metabolic health through rapid absorption and energy conversion, aiding in weight management and improving lipid profiles by increasing HDL cholesterol and reducing the LDL/HDL ratio. Immunologically, lauric acid is converted into monolaurin, a compound with potent antimicrobial, antiviral, and antifungal properties, enhancing immune function by combating pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Dermatologically, lauric acid strengthens the skin barrier, improves hydration, and reduces inflammation, making it effective for treating conditions like eczema, acne, and dry skin. The review also emphasizes the cardiovascular benefits of lauric acid, such as reducing oxidative stress and improving heart health, as well as its potential in supporting brain health through ketone production, which may benefit cognitive function in neurodegenerative diseases. Supported by recent scientific evidence, this review underscores the superiority of coconut oil as a source of lauric acid and its holistic benefits for overall health and skin protection. The findings advocate for the inclusion of lauric acid-rich oils, particularly coconut oil, in dietary and skincare regimens, while calling for further research to explore its full therapeutic potential.