Kleda in Dermatological Disorders: A Forgotten Concept Revisited - Classical Insights and Contemporary Correlations

Abstract

Among the fundamental physiological concepts, Kleda represents an important yet underexplored factor. Although not considered an independent Dosha, Dhatu or Mala, Kleda plays a vital role in maintaining tissue hydration, metabolic processes and physiological homeostasis. Pathological aggravation of Kleda results in excessive moisture, impaired tissue metabolism, Srotodushti and manifestations commonly observed in dermatological disorders. Objective: To critically review the classical concept of Kleda, elucidate its physiological and pathological significance and explore its role in the etiopathogenesis and management of dermatological disorders with possible contemporary correlations. Materials and Methods: A narrative review was performed through analysis of classical Ayurvedic texts including Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, Ashtanga Hridaya, Ashtanga Sangraha, Madhava Nidana and Bhavaprakasha, along with relevant contemporary dermatological literature. The role of Kleda in disease progression and its conceptual parallels with modern biomedical mechanisms were evaluated. Results: The review indicates that physiological Kleda contributes to tissue nourishment, hydration and functional stability, whereas pathological Kleda contributes to Srava (oozing), Kandu (itching), Shopha (swelling), Paka (suppuration), Picchilata (stickiness) and delayed wound healing. Classical descriptions associate deranged Kleda with Kapha, Pitta, Rakta and Meda involvement in disorders such as Kushtha, Vicharchika, Pama, Visarpa, Prameha Pidaka and Dushta Vrana. Modern concepts such as inflammatory exudation, interstitial edema, epidermal barrier dysfunction and moisture-associated skin damage demonstrate conceptual similarities with pathological Kleda, although they should not be considered direct equivalents. Discussion: Understanding Kleda as a dynamic pathogenic factor provides a broader perspective on Ayurvedic dermatopathology. Assessment of Kleda involvement may aid in better Samprapti understanding, individualized therapeutic planning and rational application of Kledahara Chikitsa. Further clinical and experimental studies are required to establish its diagnostic and therapeutic significance.