Agnikarma– A Comprehensive Review from Classical Samhitas to Contemporary Clinical Practice

Abstract

Agnikarma is one of the important para-surgical procedures described in Ayurveda for the treatment of various painful and chronic disorders. It is mainly recommended when conventional therapies such as medicines, Kshara Karma, or surgical procedures do not provide satisfactory results. The procedure involves the controlled application of heat over the affected area with the help of suitable instruments. Classical texts describe its usefulness in disorders involving Twak, Mamsa, Snayu, Asthi, and Sandhi, where it is believed to relieve pain and support the healing process. This review brings together information available in the classical Ayurvedic literature and published scientific studies to provide a clear understanding of Agnikarma. The article covers its basic principles, types, indications, contraindications, instruments, method of application, precautions, and probable mode of action. It also highlights the importance of this procedure in present-day clinical practice. Clinical observations suggest that Agnikarma offers rapid pain relief and may reduce the recurrence of certain disorders when performed according to classical guidelines. From a modern perspective, the therapeutic effect of controlled heat may be related to improved local blood circulation, relaxation of muscles, enhanced tissue metabolism, and promotion of healing. Because of its simple technique, low cost, and practical clinical value, Agnikarma continues to be a useful therapeutic option. Further high-quality clinical research is needed to strengthen the scientific evidence supporting its wider use in healthcare.