Ayurvedic Perspective on Parkinsonism Through the Brain-Gut Axis

Abstract

Parkinsonism is a progressive neurodegenerative syndrome characterized by tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural instability that results in significant deterioration in quality of life. New evidence indicates that the brain-gut axis is a key player in the initiation and progression of Parkinsonism. The brain-gut axis is a bidirectional communication system that connects the central nervous system, enteric nervous system, gut microbiota, immune responses, and neuroendocrine pathways. According to Ayurveda, the clinical features of Parkinsonism are similar to Kampavata, which is mainly due to the vitiation of Vata Dosha. Classical Ayurvedic concepts also focus on the role of Agni (digestive and metabolic fire), Ama (metabolic toxins), Srotodushti (channel dysfunction), and involvement of Majja Dhatu that together lend a holistic approach to understanding of the gut–brain relationship. This comprehensive review synthesizes current scientific evidence on the brain-gut axis with Ayurvedic principles to investigate possible pathophysiological correlations and therapeutic implications. The review elaborates the role of correction of digestive dysfunction, restoration of gut microbial balance, Ama Pachana, Vata Shamana, Rasayana therapy and appropriate Panchakarma interventions in neuroprotection and symptomatic improvement. This review suggests that an integration of traditional Ayurveda and modern neuroscience may be a way forward in early intervention, personalized management and translational research in Parkinsonism.