Kamal Naal (Mrunala) in Raktavaha Srotas Chikitsa: A Critical Review of its Nighantu-Based Pharmacodynamics and Therapeutic Potential

Abstract

Mrunala (Kamal Naal), the stalk of Padma (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.), holds a significant place in Ayurvedic therapeutics due to its cooling, haemostatic, and Rakta-Pitta pacifying properties. Although other parts of the lotus plant have been extensively described in classical texts and modern research, the medicinal importance of Mrunala remains comparatively less explored. Classical Ayurvedic Nighantus such as Dhanvantari Nighantu, Kaiyadeva Nighantu, Bhavaprakasha Nighantu, and Raja Nighantu describe Mrunala as a distinct therapeutic entity with Madhura and Kashaya Rasa, Sheeta Virya, and Madhura Vipaka, indicating its special affinity towards Rakta Dhatu and Raktavaha Srotas. Its pharmacodynamic properties suggest utility in conditions involving Rakta Dushti, bleeding disorders, inflammatory states, and Pitta aggravation. Contemporary studies have also identified phytoconstituents such as flavonoids, tannins, and polyphenols, supporting its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential. This review aims to highlight the therapeutic relevance of Mrunala in Raktavaha Srotas disorders and encourage further scientific exploration of this underutilized Ayurvedic drug.