Role of Ayurveda Local Therapies in the Management of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis

Abstract

Vulvovaginal candidiasis is the infection of vaginal mucosa and vulva, commonly caused by Candida albicans, a gram-positive yeast like fungus. It is a common clinical problem that affects about 75% of women at least once during their life time and significantly impacts quality of life due to symptoms such as vaginal discharge, intense pruritus, soreness, and discomfort. Despite the effectiveness of conventional antifungal therapies, recurrence and drug-related adverse effects remain important concerns. In Ayurveda, the symptomatology of VVC closely resembles Ślaiṣhmiki (Kaphaja) Yoni Vyapad, a condition characterized by Picchila Srava (discharge) and Yoni Kandu (itching) resulting from Kapha predominance. The present review aims to explore the Ayurvedic understanding of VVC with special emphasis on the role of Sthanika Chikitsa (local therapies). Ayurveda classics, texts of contemporary science and available research articles in PubMed and Google Scholar were used to collect and critically analyse data regarding disease characteristics, Ayurvedic correlation, pathogenesis, current therapeutic approaches, and local treatment modalities. The findings suggest that local therapeutic modalities such as Yoni Prakshalana (vaginal douching), Yoni Pichu (vaginal tamponing), and Yoni Varti (vaginal suppositories) provide symptomatic relief through direct action at the site of pathology and have shown promising outcomes in available clinical reports. Current evidence indicates the therapeutic potential of Ayurvedic interventions in managing vulvovaginal candidiasis. However, further well-designed studies are required to establish standardized treatment protocols and strengthen the existing evidence base.