Pharmacological and Therapeutic Potential of Sharbat Banafsha in the Management of Asthma (Diq Al-Nafas): A Narrative Review

Abstract

Asthma (Ḍiq Al-Nafas) is a chronic inflammatory airway disease characterized by recurrent episodes of breathlessness and wheezing due to reversible airway obstruction. Globally, it affects millions, with a significant burden in India. While conventional therapies such as bronchodilators and corticosteroids are effective, their long-term use raises safety concerns, prompting exploration of alternative therapeutic systems. Objectives: This review aims to evaluate the pharmacological and therapeutic potential of Sharbat Banafsha, a classical Unani formulation, in the management of asthma based on traditional literature and modern scientific evidence. Methods: A narrative review approach was employed by analyzing classical Unani texts alongside contemporary pharmacological and clinical studies focusing on Viola odorata, the principal ingredient of Sharbat Banafsha. Results: Sharbat Banafsha exhibits multiple therapeutic properties, including expectorant, concoctive, and mild laxative effects. Pharmacological studies indicate that Viola odorata possesses anti-inflammatory, bronchodilator, and antimicrobial activities. Clinical observations suggest improvement in respiratory symptoms and lung function, supporting its traditional use in managing asthma. Conclusion: Sharbat Banafsha demonstrates promising therapeutic potential as a complementary approach in asthma management. Integrating traditional Unani formulations with modern medicine may enhance patient outcomes and provide safer long-term alternatives, particularly in the context of increasing antimicrobial resistance and chronic disease burden.