Semecarpus anacardium Linn. (Bhallataka): Validation of Ayurvedic Pharmacology Through Modern Studies

Abstract

Bhallataka (Semecarpus anacardium Linn.), commonly known as the Marking Nut, is one of the most important classical herbal drugs being used for therapeutic purposes since time immemorial. It is one of the most trusted Rasayana drugs celebrated for its potent Vata Kapha pacifying properties. At the same time, it has been considered to be vesicant like fire due to presence of sharp and penetrating sap in its fruits. Characterized by its sharp (Teekshna) and fire-like (Agni) properties, it is traditionally indicated for a wide array of disorders, including Arsha (hemorrhoid’s), Kushtha (skin diseases), Gulm (abdominal lumps), and Vata-Kapha dominant conditions. This wonderful drug has established identity beyond doubt and abundantly available in hotter parts of India and across the globe. Thus, Bhallataka has potential to be the focus drug in present era when identity of large number of classical drugs is doubtful and those having undoubtful identity are under immense pressure due to over exploitation in their natural abode. Present review is an effort to have an in-depth exploration pharmacological properties and therapeutic potential of Bhallataka, bridging ancient Vedic and classical Ayurvedic wisdom with evidences from contemporary scientific studies. A critical analysis of role of Shodhana (purification) using different media to neutralize the toxicity of its corrosive urushiol’s and anacardic acids, transforming them into therapeutically active compounds such as anacardol is being also done. Comparative critical analysis of traditional claims with contemporary scientific findings published in various journals establish necessity for judicious administration and standardized processing to harness the "nectar-like" potential of Bhallataka in global integrative healthcare.