The Role of Diet in the Management of Autism Spectrum Disorder - A Review Emphasizing Local Dietary Practices

Abstract

Autism spectrum disorder"(ASD) refers to a group of repetitive sensory-motor behaviors and early-onset social communication impairments. Reduced social interactions, lack of eye contact, repeated stereotypical sensory and motor behaviors, etc, are characteristics of children diagnosed with autism. According to the Child Development Centre's (CDC) Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring (ADDM) Network, about one in every 36 children has been diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Epidemiological studies show that the prevalence of ASD has increased globally over the past few decades. Patients with Autism Spectrum Disorders report having a high prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, including bowel motility issues, adverse reactions to specific foods, and reduced nutritional absorption. Individuals with GI disorders tend to exhibit more behavioral impairments. (e.g., irritability, hyperactivity) and they may be linked to gut dysbiosis, which is an indication of the "gut-brain axis disruption." Numerous studies indicate that nutrition may have a special role in the development of ASD as well as its management by reducing symptoms. In children with ASD, it is essential to evaluate dietary necessities to prevent further nutritional deficiencies through appropriate dietary interventions. Thus, in addition to medicine and other therapies, diet has an important role in the management of autism.