Probable Mode of Action of Symplocos Racemosa Roxb., Rubia Cordifolia Linn., and Glycyrrhiza Glabra Linn. in Acne Vulgaris: An Integrative Review

Abstract

Acne vulgaris is a multifactorial inflammatory disease of pilosebaceous unit, typically presenting with lesions like comedones, papules, pustules and nodules.it can be correlated with Mukhadushika, a type of Kshudra roga (minor disease) mentioned in Ayurveda classics. Many herbal drugs are mentioned by Ayurveda for the treatment of acne vulgaris as facepacks. Objective: To explore the probable mode of action of Symplocos racemosa Roxb., Rubia cordifolia Linn. and Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn. in treatment of acne vulgaris through integration of Ayurvedic concepts and contemporary pharmacological evidence. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted using classical Ayurvedic texts, Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India and also peer reviewed scientific databases to critically analyse the phytochemical constituents and relevant pharmacological activities related to acne vulgaris in both ayurvedic and modern perspectives. Results: Lodhra containing alkaloids, tannins etc exhibits astringent, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities, helping to reduce sebum secretion and inflammatory lesions. While Manjishta contains triterpinods and anthraquinones which demonstrates anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial actions. Also, Yashtimadhu contains triterpenoid saponins like glycyrrhizin, etc, flavonoids such as liquiritin, coumarins such as herniarin, umbelliferone etc and exhibit strong anti-inflammatory activity, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity, antimicrobial and soothing effect. Conclusion: By combining these three drugs may provide a multi-targeted and synergistic approach in acne vulgaris treatment by addressing key pathogenic factors, thereby validating their traditional use and supporting their inclusion in Ayurvedic acne formulations.