Experimental Study of the Role of Pippalyaadi Lepa Against Indian Red Scorpion Venom in Albino Mice

Abstract

Indian red scorpion (Hottentotta tamulus) venom produces severe local and systemic manifestations due to autonomic nervous system imbalance. Ayurveda describes various Viṣaghna formulations for envenomation, among which topical applications (Lepa) are advocated for immediate management. Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of Pippalyādi Lepa against Indian red scorpion venom in Swiss albino mice. Materials and Methods: Indian red scorpion venom obtained from an authorized institute was administered subcutaneously to Swiss albino mice at a standardized lethal dose. Animals were divided into two groups of six each. Group I received venom alone, while Group II received venom followed by local application of Pippalyādi Lepa at the site of injection. The formulation was prepared using equal proportions of classical ingredients with Kuṭala Kṣārodaka as the base. Clinical signs such as irritation, convulsions, tremors, increased heart rate, excessive salivation and lacrimation, locomotor dysfunction, loss of labyrinthine righting reflex, dyspnoea, and mortality were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed to assess significance. Results: The Pippalyādi Lepa treated group showed a significant delay in the onset and progression of local and systemic manifestations when compared to the control group. Survival time was markedly prolonged, indicating a protective effect of the formulation. Conclusion: Local application of Pippalyādi Lepa effectively delays systemic toxicity and improves survival in Indian red scorpion envenomation. The formulation may be considered a simple, economical, and supportive therapeutic option, especially in rural settings.