Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Potential of Datura Stramonium: Evidence from Clinical and Preclinical Studies

Abstract

Background: Datura stramonium (commonly known as Jimson weed or Dhattura) has been widely used in traditional medicine for its analgesic, anti-asthmatic, and anti-inflammatory effects. Recent studies have explored its pharmacological potential through preclinical and clinical investigations, particularly focusing on its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. Aim: To evaluate the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory potential of Datura stramonium through evidence from clinical and preclinical studies. Objectives: To review classical and modern literature related to the therapeutic properties of Datura stramonium. To assess preclinical studies highlighting its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory mechanisms. To analyze clinical studies demonstrating its efficacy and safety profile. To identify gaps in research and suggest future directions for safe therapeutic applications. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Studies involving extracts, isolated alkaloids, or formulations containing Datura stramonium were included. Both in vitro and in vivo models assessing inflammatory mediators, cytokine modulation, and immune response were reviewed alongside available clinical data. Results: Preclinical studies demonstrated that Datura stramonium exhibits significant inhibition of inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and COX-2. The presence of alkaloids like atropine, scopolamine, and hyoscyamine contributed to the suppression of prostaglandin synthesis and reduced leukocyte infiltration. Immunomodulatory studies indicated enhancement of humoral and cell-mediated immunity through macrophage activation and antibody titer elevation. Limited clinical studies reported symptomatic relief in inflammatory airway diseases and arthritis, though safety concerns due to alkaloid toxicity warrant cautious therapeutic use. Conclusion: Datura stramonium shows strong potential as a source of anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory compounds. However, controlled clinical trials and detailed toxicological profiling are essential before recommending its clinical application.